- Natural Mineral Water

Data 0001

a. Brand: Spritzer (www.spritzer.com.my)
b. Source: Lot 904, Jalan Reservoir, Off Jalan Air Kuning, 34000 Taiping, Perak, Malaysia
c. Typical Analysis (mg/L)

Potassium (K+): 2.7
Calcium (Ca++): 46
Sodium (Na+): 9.9
Magnesium (Mg++): 4.7
Ortho-Silicic Acid: 73
Bicarbonate (HCO3-): 188
Sulphate (SO4–): <3
Chloride (Cl-): <1
Total Dissolved Solids (TDS): 315
pH: 7.0

(Bottle production date: 2009)

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Data 0002

a. Brand: Cactus
b. Source: Underground water from Location: P.T.D 6386, Bukit Jintan, Mukim Tanjong Sembrong (VII), Johor Darul Takzim, Malaysia; Approval NO: KKM-163 (24/J/6)
c. Treatment used: Filtration, UV Sterilization
d. Typical Analysis (mg/L)

Potassium (K+): 1.6
Calcium (Ca++): 16
Sodium (Na+): 9.5
Magnesium (Mg++): 4.1
Silica: 48
Bicarbonate (HCO3-): 83
Sulphate (SO4–): 7.7
Chloride (Cl-): <1
Total Dissolved Solids (TDS): 154
pH: 7.4

(Bottle production date: 2009)

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Data 0003

a. Brand: Taza. A product of Island Beverages Maldives Pvt. Ltd. Ameenee Magu, Machchangolhi, Male’ 20375. Republic of Maldives. Tel3329314 Fax 3340645
b. Source: Unknown
c. Treatment used: (suspected to be Seawater RO product water)
d. Mineral Content (mg/L)

Potassium (K+): <12
Sodium (Na+): <5
Magnesium (Mg++): <12
Sulphate (SO4–): <11
Chloride (Cl-): <22
Total Dissolved Solids (TDS): unknown
pH: unknown

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Data 0004

a. Brand: Pere Ocean, Natural Mineral Water
b. Source: Underground water from a secret Location. Source approved by Ministry of Health, Malaysia. Approval NO: KKM-163 (24/J/9)
c. Treatment used: unknown
d. Typical Analysis/Approximate Composition (mg/L)

Potassium (K+): 5.3
Calcium (Ca++): 30.3
Sodium (Na+): 26.1
Magnesium (Mg++): 1.0
Bicarbonate (HCO3-): 80
Sulphate (SO4–): 7.3
Chloride (Cl-): 26.1
Total Dissolved Solids (TDS): 100
pH: 7.0

(Expiration date: 04/08/2010)

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Data 0005

a. Brand: Natural Spring Water from Nyuzenmachi in Toyoma Prefeature. Packed by Farm.Inc (www.tokyo-farm.com)
b. Source: Natural mineral water the spring delta at “Kurobe Senjyochi” (http://www.town.nyuzen.toyama.jp/).
c. Treatment used: unknown
d. Typical Analysis/Approximate Composition (mg/L)

Potassium (K+): 0.14
Calcium (Ca++): 0.77
Sodium (Na+): 0.47
Magnesium (Mg++): 0.20
pH: 7.7.3
Hardness: 27.0

(Expiration date: 11/07/2011)

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Extracted from http://science.nasa.gov/headlines/y2000/ast02nov_1.htm

Here’s how the system works: Urine from the astronauts is distilled in a partial space vacuum, allowing the water to boil off. The distilled waste water is funneled into a mini-treatment plant that removes hair, lint and other contaminants, then goes through a series of filters. The water is actually put through a catalytic converter that cleanses via oxidation. As a final step, salts are added in the galley for taste.

I guess the water treatment should some kind of membrane purification system. Just wondering how different it will be when it is in the space. I don’t understand the “catalytic converter” thing mentioned. Let’s see what is the problem.

Another related link – Water on the Space Station http://science.nasa.gov/headlines/y2000/ast02nov_1.htm.

Odor:
Raw (fresh) wastewater has a distinctive musty odor. If anaerobic decomposition has taken place Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S) is likely to be present. H2S has a distinctive rotten-egg smell and is poisonous.

Color:
Raw wastewater usually has a light brownish gray color.
The longer it has been kept or undergone anaerobic conditions (decomposition and septic), the darker the color will become — from gray to dark gray, and ultimately black color.

Turbidity:
Turbidity is a measure of the light-transmitting property property of water, and indicates colloidal and suspended matters. However it can be interfered by color of the water as well. Generally there is no relationship between turbidity and TSS concentration for raw wastewater. However a reasonable relationship between TSS and turbidity may exist for settled and filtered effluent.

Alkalinity:
Alkalinity is a measure of the ability to neutralize acid. Nitrification will consume alkalinity and may lower pH, while denitrification will generate alkalinity and may increase pH.

Chemical Oxygen Demand:
COD:BOD5 ratios < 3 usually indicates the wastewater is suitable for biological treatment processes

Conductivity:
Conductivity measures the ability of the aqueous solution to carry an electrical current and indicates the dissolved inorganic material present in the water. In domestic wastewater it is usually in the range of 50 to 1500 uS/cm.

Dissolved Oxygen:
DO is amount of free oxygen molecules dissolved inside water.

to be continued…

1. Customers are always looking for good suppliers; meanwhile manufacturers and suppliers are always looking for customers.
2. There are plenty of opportunities in the world for the water and wastewater industry – even more are expected as countries want to improve their environmental standards.